Kernel-4.18.0-80.el8_magic-number

Chinese translated version of Documentation/process/magic-number.rst

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以下为正文

这个文件是有关当前使用的魔术值注册表。当你给一个结构添加了一个魔术值，你也应该把这个魔术值添加到这个文件，因为我们最好把用于各种结构的魔术值统一起来。

使用魔术值来保护内核数据结构是一个非常好的主意。这就允许你在运行期检查(a)一个结构是否已经被攻击，或者(b)你已经给一个例行程序通过了一个错误的结构。后一种情况特别地有用—特别是当你通过一个空指针指向结构体的时候。tty源码，例如，经常通过特定驱动使用这种方法并且反复地排列特定方面的结构。

使用魔术值的方法是在结构的开始处声明的，如下：

struct tty_ldisc {
int magic;
…
};

当你以后给内核添加增强功能的时候，请遵守这条规则！这样就会节省数不清的调试时间，特别是一些古怪的情况，例如，数组超出范围并且重新写了超出部分。遵守这个规则，‪这些情况可以被快速地，安全地避免。

    Theodore Ts'o
      31 Mar 94

给当前的Linux 2.1.55添加魔术表。

    Michael Chastain
    <mailto:mec@shout.net>
    22 Sep 1997

现在应该最新的Linux 2.1.112.因为在特性冻结期间，不能在2.2.x前改变任何东西。这些条目被数域所排序。

    Krzysztof G.Baranowski
        <mailto: kgb@knm.org.pl>
    29 Jul 1998

更新魔术表到Linux 2.5.45。刚好越过特性冻结，但是有可能还会有一些新的魔术值在2.6.x之前融入到内核中。

    Petr Baudis
    <pasky@ucw.cz>
    03 Nov 2002

更新魔术表到Linux 2.5.74。

    Fabian Frederick
            <ffrederick@users.sourceforge.net>
    09 Jul 2003

魔术名 地址 结构 所在文件

PG_MAGIC ‘P’ pg_{read,write}hdr include/linux/pg.h
CMAGIC 0x0111 user include/linux/a.out.h
MKISS_DRIVER_MAGIC 0x04bf mkiss_channel drivers/net/mkiss.h
HDLC_MAGIC 0x239e n_hdlc drivers/char/n_hdlc.c
APM_BIOS_MAGIC 0x4101 apm_user arch/x86/kernel/apm_32.c
CYCLADES_MAGIC 0x4359 cyclades_port include/linux/cyclades.h
DB_MAGIC 0x4442 fc_info drivers/net/iph5526_novram.c
DL_MAGIC 0x444d fc_info drivers/net/iph5526_novram.c
FASYNC_MAGIC 0x4601 fasync_struct include/linux/fs.h
FF_MAGIC 0x4646 fc_info drivers/net/iph5526_novram.c
ISICOM_MAGIC 0x4d54 isi_port include/linux/isicom.h
PTY_MAGIC 0x5001 drivers/char/pty.c
PPP_MAGIC 0x5002 ppp include/linux/if_pppvar.h
SERIAL_MAGIC 0x5301 async_struct include/linux/serial.h
SSTATE_MAGIC 0x5302 serial_state include/linux/serial.h
SLIP_MAGIC 0x5302 slip drivers/net/slip.h
STRIP_MAGIC 0x5303 strip drivers/net/strip.c
X25_ASY_MAGIC 0x5303 x25_asy drivers/net/x25_asy.h
SIXPACK_MAGIC 0x5304 sixpack drivers/net/hamradio/6pack.h
AX25_MAGIC 0x5316 ax_disp drivers/net/mkiss.h
TTY_MAGIC 0x5401 tty_struct include/linux/tty.h
MGSL_MAGIC 0x5401 mgsl_info drivers/char/synclink.c
TTY_DRIVER_MAGIC 0x5402 tty_driver include/linux/tty_driver.h
MGSLPC_MAGIC 0x5402 mgslpc_info drivers/char/pcmcia/synclink_cs.c
TTY_LDISC_MAGIC 0x5403 tty_ldisc include/linux/tty_ldisc.h
USB_SERIAL_MAGIC 0x6702 usb_serial drivers/usb/serial/usb-serial.h
FULL_DUPLEX_MAGIC 0x6969 drivers/net/ethernet/dec/tulip/de2104x.c
USB_BLUETOOTH_MAGIC 0x6d02 usb_bluetooth drivers/usb/class/bluetty.c
RFCOMM_TTY_MAGIC 0x6d02 net/bluetooth/rfcomm/tty.c
USB_SERIAL_PORT_MAGIC 0x7301 usb_serial_port drivers/usb/serial/usb-serial.h
CG_MAGIC 0x00090255 ufs_cylinder_group include/linux/ufs_fs.h
RPORT_MAGIC 0x00525001 r_port drivers/char/rocket_int.h
LSEMAGIC 0x05091998 lse drivers/fc4/fc.c
GDTIOCTL_MAGIC 0x06030f07 gdth_iowr_str drivers/scsi/gdth_ioctl.h
RIEBL_MAGIC 0x09051990 drivers/net/atarilance.c
NBD_REQUEST_MAGIC 0x12560953 nbd_request include/linux/nbd.h
RED_MAGIC2 0x170fc2a5 (any) mm/slab.c
BAYCOM_MAGIC 0x19730510 baycom_state drivers/net/baycom_epp.c
ISDN_X25IFACE_MAGIC 0x1e75a2b9 isdn_x25iface_proto_data
drivers/isdn/isdn_x25iface.h
ECP_MAGIC 0x21504345 cdkecpsig include/linux/cdk.h
LSOMAGIC 0x27091997 lso drivers/fc4/fc.c
LSMAGIC 0x2a3b4d2a ls drivers/fc4/fc.c
WANPIPE_MAGIC 0x414C4453 sdla{dump,exec} include/linux/wanpipe.h
CS_CARD_MAGIC 0x43525553 cs_card sound/oss/cs46xx.c
LABELCL_MAGIC 0x4857434c labelcl_info_s include/asm/ia64/sn/labelcl.h
ISDN_ASYNC_MAGIC 0x49344C01 modem_info include/linux/isdn.h
CTC_ASYNC_MAGIC 0x49344C01 ctc_tty_info drivers/s390/net/ctctty.c
ISDN_NET_MAGIC 0x49344C02 isdn_net_local_s drivers/isdn/i4l/isdn_net_lib.h
SAVEKMSG_MAGIC2 0x4B4D5347 savekmsg arch//amiga/config.c
CS_STATE_MAGIC 0x4c4f4749 cs_state sound/oss/cs46xx.c
SLAB_C_MAGIC 0x4f17a36d kmem_cache mm/slab.c
COW_MAGIC 0x4f4f4f4d cow_header_v1 arch/um/drivers/ubd_user.c
I810_CARD_MAGIC 0x5072696E i810_card sound/oss/i810_audio.c
TRIDENT_CARD_MAGIC 0x5072696E trident_card sound/oss/trident.c
ROUTER_MAGIC 0x524d4157 wan_device [in wanrouter.h pre 3.9]
SAVEKMSG_MAGIC1 0x53415645 savekmsg arch//amiga/config.c
GDA_MAGIC 0x58464552 gda arch/mips/include/asm/sn/gda.h
RED_MAGIC1 0x5a2cf071 (any) mm/slab.c
EEPROM_MAGIC_VALUE 0x5ab478d2 lanai_dev drivers/atm/lanai.c
HDLCDRV_MAGIC 0x5ac6e778 hdlcdrv_state include/linux/hdlcdrv.h
PCXX_MAGIC 0x5c6df104 channel drivers/char/pcxx.h
KV_MAGIC 0x5f4b565f kernel_vars_s arch/mips/include/asm/sn/klkernvars.h
I810_STATE_MAGIC 0x63657373 i810_state sound/oss/i810_audio.c
TRIDENT_STATE_MAGIC 0x63657373 trient_state sound/oss/trident.c
M3_CARD_MAGIC 0x646e6f50 m3_card sound/oss/maestro3.c
FW_HEADER_MAGIC 0x65726F66 fw_header drivers/atm/fore200e.h
SLOT_MAGIC 0x67267321 slot drivers/hotplug/cpqphp.h
SLOT_MAGIC 0x67267322 slot drivers/hotplug/acpiphp.h
LO_MAGIC 0x68797548 nbd_device include/linux/nbd.h
OPROFILE_MAGIC 0x6f70726f super_block drivers/oprofile/oprofilefs.h
M3_STATE_MAGIC 0x734d724d m3_state sound/oss/maestro3.c
VMALLOC_MAGIC 0x87654320 snd_alloc_track sound/core/memory.c
KMALLOC_MAGIC 0x87654321 snd_alloc_track sound/core/memory.c
PWC_MAGIC 0x89DC10AB pwc_device drivers/usb/media/pwc.h
NBD_REPLY_MAGIC 0x96744668 nbd_reply include/linux/nbd.h
ENI155_MAGIC 0xa54b872d midway_eprom drivers/atm/eni.h
CODA_MAGIC 0xC0DAC0DA coda_file_info include/linux/coda_fs_i.h
DPMEM_MAGIC 0xc0ffee11 gdt_pci_sram drivers/scsi/gdth.h
YAM_MAGIC 0xF10A7654 yam_port drivers/net/hamradio/yam.c
CCB_MAGIC 0xf2691ad2 ccb drivers/scsi/ncr53c8xx.c
QUEUE_MAGIC_FREE 0xf7e1c9a3 queue_entry drivers/scsi/arm/queue.c
QUEUE_MAGIC_USED 0xf7e1cc33 queue_entry drivers/scsi/arm/queue.c
HTB_CMAGIC 0xFEFAFEF1 htb_class net/sched/sch_htb.c
NMI_MAGIC 0x48414d4d455201 nmi_s arch/mips/include/asm/sn/nmi.h

请注意，在声音记忆管理中仍然有一些特殊的为每个驱动定义的魔术值。查看include/sound/sndmagic.h来获取他们完整的列表信息。很多OSS声音驱动拥有自己从声卡PCI ID构建的魔术值-他们也没有被列在这里。

IrDA子系统也使用了大量的自己的魔术值，查看include/net/irda/irda.h来获取他们完整的信息。

HFS是另外一个比较大的使用魔术值的文件系统-你可以在fs/hfs/hfs.h中找到他们。