=========================
MN10300 FUNCTION CALL ABI
=========================
=======
GENERAL
=======
The MN10300/AM33 kernel runs in little-endian mode; big-endian mode is not
supported.
The stack grows downwards, and should always be 32-bit aligned. There are
separate stack pointer registers for userspace and the kernel.
================
ARGUMENT PASSING
================
The first two arguments (assuming up to 32-bits per argument) to a function are
passed in the D0 and D1 registers respectively; all other arguments are passed
on the stack.
If 64-bit arguments are being passed, then they are never split between
registers and the stack. If the first argument is a 64-bit value, it will be
passed in D0:D1. If the first argument is not a 64-bit value, but the second
is, the second will be passed entirely on the stack and D1 will be unused.
Arguments smaller than 32-bits are not coalesced within a register or a stack
word. For example, two byte-sized arguments will always be passed in separate
registers or word-sized stack slots.
=================
CALLING FUNCTIONS
=================
The caller must allocate twelve bytes on the stack for the callee’s use before
it inserts a CALL instruction. The CALL instruction will write into the TOS
word, but won’t actually modify the stack pointer; similarly, the RET
instruction reads from the TOS word of the stack, but doesn’t move the stack
pointer beyond it.
Stack:
| |
| |
|---------------| SP+20
| 4th Arg |
|---------------| SP+16
| 3rd Arg |
|---------------| SP+12
| D1 Save Slot |
|---------------| SP+8
| D0 Save Slot |
|---------------| SP+4
| Return Addr |
|---------------| SP
| |
| |
The caller must leave space on the stack (hence an allocation of twelve bytes)
in which the callee may store the first two arguments.
============
RETURN VALUE
============
The return value is passed in D0 for an integer (or D0:D1 for a 64-bit value),
or A0 for a pointer.
If the return value is a value larger than 64-bits, or is a structure or an
array, then a hidden first argument will be passed to the callee by the caller:
this will point to a piece of memory large enough to hold the result of the
function. In this case, the callee will return the value in that piece of
memory, and no value will be returned in D0 or A0.
===================
REGISTER CLOBBERING
===================
The values in certain registers may be clobbered by the callee, and other
values must be saved:
Clobber: D0-D1, A0-A1, E0-E3
Save: D2-D3, A2-A3, E4-E7, SP
All other non-supervisor-only registers are clobberable (such as MDR, MCRL,
MCRH).
=================
SPECIAL REGISTERS
=================
Certain ordinary registers may carry special usage for the compiler:
A3: Frame pointer
E2: TLS pointer
==========
KERNEL ABI
==========
The kernel may use a slightly different ABI internally.
(*) E2
If CONFIG_MN10300_CURRENT_IN_E2 is defined, then the current task pointer
will be kept in the E2 register, and that register will be marked
unavailable for the compiler to use as a scratch register.
Normally the kernel uses something like:
MOV SP,An
AND 0xFFFFE000,An
MOV (An),Rm // Rm holds current
MOV (yyy,Rm) // Access current->yyy
To find the address of current; but since this option permits current to
be carried globally in an register, it can use:
MOV (yyy,E2) // Access current->yyy
instead.
===============
SYSTEM CALL ABI
===============
System calls are called with the following convention:
REGISTER ENTRY EXIT
=============== ======================= =======================
D0 Syscall number Return value
A0 1st syscall argument Saved
D1 2nd syscall argument Saved
A3 3rd syscall argument Saved
A2 4th syscall argument Saved
D3 5th syscall argument Saved
D2 6th syscall argument Saved
All other registers are saved. The layout is a consequence of the way the MOVM
instruction stores registers onto the stack.
